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Butylone is a synthetic cathinone that has a place in the gathering of new psychoactive substances (NPS). It has a stimulatory impact by hindering the dopamine carrier and going about as a substrate for the serotonin carrier. Butyrone is fundamentally connected with unlawful medications like amphetamines and rapture, and its atomic design was resolved utilizing chiropractic and vibrational spectroscopy. Studies have shown that butylone, as a different substance, for example, pentylone, makes energizer impacts and is many times utilized in metabolic exploration studies.

What is butylone powder

Butylone, also known as β-keto-N-methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (βk-MBDB), is a psychoactive drug that belongs to the phenethylamine, amphetamine, phenylisobutylamine, and cathinone families. It is an entactogen, psychedelic, and stimulant. Butylone is the β-keto (substituted cathinone) analogue of MBDB and a substituted methylenedioxy analogue of buphedrone12.  It is chemically known as 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)butan-1-one and is often referred to by its synonyms, including bk-MBDB and β-keto-N-methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine. The molecular formula for butylone is C12H15NO3, with a molecular weight of approximately 221.25 g/mo

Butylone was first synthesized by Koeppe, Ludwig, and Zeile in 1967, but it remained relatively unknown until 2005 when it began to be sold as a designer drug1. It is structurally related to other beta-keto-amphetamines such as mephedrone, methylone, and ethylone3.

Chemical Structure and Synthesis

Butylone can be synthesized in a laboratory setting through a specific chemical process. The synthesis involves dissolving 3,4-methylenedioxybutyrophenone in dichloromethane and adding bromine to produce 3′,4′-methylenedioxy-2-bromobutyrophenone. This product is then dissolved in dichloromethane and added to an aqueous solution of methylamine (40%). HCl is subsequently added, and the aqueous layer is removed and made alkaline using sodium bicarbonate. Ether is used for the extraction of the amine, and finally, a drop of ether and HCl solution is added to obtain butylone1.

Properties and Effects

Butylone exhibits entactogenic, psychedelic, and stimulant properties, similar to other drugs in its class, such as methylone and MDMA (Ecstasy). It primarily acts as a monoamine releaser, increasing levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain. Users report effects akin to those of amphetamines, which can include heightened mood, increased energy, and altered sensory perceptions

Pharmacology

Butylone acts as a dopamine transporter blocker and a 5-HT transporter substrate. It evokes the release of [3H]5-HT at SERT but does not evoke release at DAT. Administration of butylone to rats increases extracellular monoamines and motor activity, indicating its stimulant properties4.

Legal Status

Butylone is classified as a Schedule I substance in the United States, indicating that it has no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. In Sweden, it is listed as a narcotic under schedule I, which includes substances that normally do not have medical use15.

Subjective Effects

The subjective effects of butylone include stimulation, thought acceleration, motivation enhancement, increased libido, appetite suppression, and euphoria. It is reported to be less potent than its relatives methylone and ethylone and possesses more classic stimulant effects rather than entactogenic effects2.

Comparison with Other Cathinones

Butylone is often compared to other cathinones such as mephedrone, methylone, and ethylone. These drugs are beta-keto-substituted analogues of the corresponding amphetamines and have similar stimulant properties. However, butylone is considered less potent and has more balanced catecholaminergic effects relative to serotonergic effects32.

Forensic Data

Recent forensic data indicate that butylone and pentylone are found in powders, pills, and tablets sold as “Molly” or Ecstasy. This highlights the drug’s presence in the recreational drug market and its potential for abuse4.

Safety and Toxicity

Butylone, like other cathinones, can cause various adverse effects, including altered mental status, nausea, and vomiting. These effects were observed in a case where a 15-year-old girl consumed a white powdery substance along with alcohol3.

Conclusion

Butylone is a psychoactive drug with stimulant, entactogenic, and psychedelic properties. Its synthesis, pharmacology, legal status, subjective effects, and comparison with other cathinones provide a comprehensive understanding of this substance. However, its potential for abuse and associated health risks underscore the need for caution and regulation.

FAQ

What is butylone? Butylone is a psychoactive drug that belongs to the phenethylamine, amphetamine, phenylisobutylamine, and cathinone families. It is an entactogen, psychedelic, and stimulant.

How is butylone synthesized? Butylone is synthesized through a chemical process involving 3,4-methylenedioxybutyrophenone, dichloromethane, bromine, methylamine, HCl, and other reagents.

What are the effects of butylone? The effects of butylone include stimulation, thought acceleration, motivation enhancement, increased libido, appetite suppression, and euphoria.

Is butylone legal? Butylone is classified as a Schedule I substance in the United States and is listed as a narcotic in Sweden. It has no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.

How does butylone compare to other cathinones? Butylone is less potent than methylone and ethylone and has more balanced catecholaminergic effects relative to serotonergic effects. It is often found in recreational drugs sold as “Molly” or Ecstasy.

What are the risks associated with butylone? Butylone can cause adverse effects such as altered mental status, nausea, and vomiting. Its potential for abuse and health risks highlight the need for caution.

What is the chemical structure of butylone? Butylone is the β-keto (substituted cathinone) analogue of MBDB and a substituted methylenedioxy analogue of buphedrone.

How is butylone used? Butylone is used as a recreational drug for its stimulant and entactogenic effects. It is often sold as a powder, pill, or tablet.